La evaluación neuropsicológica: una visión histórica y contemporánea

Introduction: Neuropsychological assessment is a systematic and structured process aimed at examining an individual’s cognitive, affective, and behavioral functions through specialized methods and techniques grounded in the relationship between brain functioning and behavior. Method: This article presents a theoretical review of the neuropsychological assessment process. Results: The review examines the historical development of neuropsychological assessment, followed by an analysis of its contemporary conceptualization, core techniques, and the sequential stages involved in its application. Additionally, it reviews the principal instruments used to assess neuropsychological functions, highlighting recent advances driven by the incorporation of innovative technological tools. Conclusions: This review underscores the need for future validation studies of classical neuropsychological instruments in contexts where they have not yet been standardized, as well as for establishing the convergent validity of emerging technological assessment tools in relation to traditional neuropsychological tests.