Future Directions of Research on Emerging Pollutants in Drinking Water: Global Perspectives

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are a diverse range of substances, including pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and industrial chemicals, that pose a threat to water security and public health. Their persistence and biological effects at trace levels reveal limitations in traditional water treatment and regulation, obstructing progress toward SDG 6. This chapter reviews current knowledge of common pollution sources and advanced detection methods. It highlights complex challenges, including scientific uncertainties, regulatory fragmentation, technological gaps, and socioeconomic disparities in access to solutions, as well as a noticeable global capacity gap. To tackle these issues, the chapter advocates forward-thinking strategies focused on four main areas: creating affordable, real-time monitoring technologies; developing advanced treatment methods; enhancing risk assessments for long-term exposure and mixture toxicity; and boosting international cooperation through policy harmonization and capacity building. The improvement and protection of drinking water quality require an integrated, worldwide effort that combines research, policy, and technology to address this growing threat.